Is Hanukkah a pagan invention? Should believers reject this holiday as pagan? Some such as Joseph Dumond and OutCry Ministries seem to think so.

Looking at different works circulating within the Messianic realm. Included are works such as the Cepher Bible, the newly released Hezekiah’s seal and the true location of the temple mount.

Was December 25th originally a pagan holiday? Did the Christians choose this day because it was originally the celebration of Sol Invictus? Or was the pagan cult of Sol celebrating on a different day, and the Christians were the first to choose this day? The guys look at the evidence and disagree on the conclusion.

Rob has the day off, so Caleb interviews Dr. Craig Keener and Dr. Médine Keener on their new co-authored book, “Impossible Love” due out in April 2016.

A document made and signed by over 25 orthodox rabbis has been a huge topic on social media. Is this document a good thing? The guys argue no. It puts Christianity into a Catholic box and suggests the Noachide laws are a gift from God to the nations.

The guys discuss defining various religions. Then a clip from Dan Juster is played and discussed. But the main topic is centered around a blog post by James Pyles in which he response to an article written by Tim Hegg on Paul and Oral Tora. Tim’s article is called “What Version of the Mishnah did Paul Read?”

The guys look at a teacher that is being called “The Greater Exodus.” Many within the Messianic movement hold to the Greater Exodus, but non take quite the same view as Monte Judah. Judah’s views are discussed in depth.

The history and discovery of Codex Sinaiticus by Constantine Von Tischendorf is discussed. Of most interest, was the story of Tischendorf finding the codex in a kindling heap true, or a lie made up to get the codex out of St. Catherine’s?

Was the discovery of Codex Sinaiticus by Tischendorf as great as everyone thinks? Or is this codex a forgery, as Constantine Simonides claimed?

Is there negative things written in the Talmud about Yeshua? Or is it talking about a different Yeshua? What do the earliest manuscripts say?

Acts 15:10 is discussed. What is the Yoke? Is it the Torah like most Christian commentators believe? Or is it something else?

An online conversation over a video takes center stage. Do orthodox, non believing Jews, believe in the same Messiah we do? Does it really matter if a person believes Yeshua was already here once? Doe does it simply matter if they believe He will come? Wouldn’t this discount the work of Yeshua on the cross?

The guys discuss an article put out by Ken Rank from United2Restore, in which he claims that Jews who keep Torah but don’t believe in Messiah, are still saved because they believe in a Messiah, and even though they don’t realize it, they really believe in Yeshua.

We welcome Michael Gonzales, the new member of the TR team on the show. We discuss a new iron age seal found in Jerusalem, can a Jewish person who is not a believer but keeps Torah saved? And what is the definition of a heretic and a heretical doctrine?

The guys discuss a lecture series by Dr. Daniel Boyarin, presented at the 2016 Shaffer Lectures in Theology at Yale Divinity School. In this three-part lecture series titled, “Enoch or Jesus? The Quest of the Historical Metatron,” Boyarin looks at the formation of the “Lesser YHVH” within Jewish literature throughout history. The guys look at various clips of this lecture series and discuss their point of view.

Caleb is back from the Philippines and the guys discuss his trip and some of the beliefs and perspectives the Messianics in the Asian Pacific have. Also, a look at the replica of the arch at Bell’s temple being places in Time Square is discussed.

Four different papers/article on four topics are discussed. The Israel Bible and the websites guidelines for “open discussion” between Jews and Christians is looked at. A paper in the March 2016 JETS on Romans 2:12-15 is looked at. A new documentary by a “Messianic” and his stance on evangelism is looked at. And a recent article by Dr. Eli on Torah for gentiles is looked at.

Several stories from the past week in the Christian world are looked at, one of which brings up the question, “Should pastors be giving spontaneous prophetic words during service?” Then a look at a video featuring an orthodox rabbi that discusses Yeshua and his “second” coming. Then a look at John 6. What does Yeshua mean when He talks about eating His flesh and drinking His blood?

The guys bring on Tim Hegg for their yearly discussion on the Passover Chronology and if the Last Supper was a Passover Seder.

The guys looks at several different endorsements of Itzhak Shapira’s book Return of the Kosher Pig by Christian and Messianic leaders and ask if this is the “Truth” the Gospels speak about. What does it say about leaders who are endorsing theological heresy?

The guys look at some interesting sound bytes from the internet, respond to comments about last weeks show, and discuss the various ways people count the omer.

Rob is taking a week off so Caleb invites Michael Gonzales onto the show to talk about his coming to Torah and then to look at Sola Scriptura in the Messianic movement.

Is there a specific theology that comes with the labels Hebrew Roots and Messianic? If so what is it? The guys begin to explore their own theological views in the hopes of clarifying the theological stance they have when approaching the Scriptures.

The history of the five points of Calvinism is discussed, and the first of the “TULIP” theologies, i.e. Total Depravity, is discussed.

Total Depravity is looked at again, and the topic of “Free” will is discussed.

A look at Unconditional Election, looking at the historical landscape that might have influenced the Rabbinic perspective on this subject as well as a discussion on will and how original sin made our will slaves to sin, and not free to choose.

Several clips from a senate hearing on Isis are looked at in relation to religious ideology of those who reject mainstream scholarship in all normative religion. This concept is then looked at in regards to the Hebrew Israelite who appeared on Dr. James White’s Alpha & Omega Ministries podcast.

The guys look at Limited Atonement and continue the discussion of free will and predestination. Included is a look at Hebrews 2:9 and 2Peter 3:9.

A video recently put out by FFOZ, with Jeremiah Michael is looked at. Michael presents a teaching on Oral Torah and its role in the walk of a Messianic Jewish believer.

Rob & Caleb welcome Dr. Chris Tilling onto the show to discuss his book Paul’s Divine Christology.

A video by D. Thomas Lancaster (FFOZ) is looked at in which Lancaster suggests that Mark Kinzer’s book “Post-Missionary Messianic Judaism” is one of the greatest books within the Messianic realm, but then states its conclusion will not work in the Kingdom. He then goes on to propose a new model, which he is calling “Radial Ecclesiology”.

The new documentary “The Way” that is set to be released in August 2016 is discussed. Also a discussion on the term “Traditional Judaism.” And a discussion on the claim that Shabbat starts at sunrise and ends at sunrise

The guys discuss some comments on Two House theology, and then turn to Hosea 1 and a new perspective Rob has. Then a look at Romans 11:26a. Who is Israel, and what is Paul talking about?

Rob has the week off so Caleb invites his father Tim Hegg onto the show to answer questions sent in from listeners. Included is a look at the Hebrew word Ger, a discussion on Revelation 1:10, and Tim’s opinion on a pre-tribulation rapture.

The guys discuss various including a look at a new documentary titled “The Way” in which many Hebrew Roots teachers describe their moving to keep Torah.

A lecture given by Toby Janicki is discussed. Janicki talks about the Messianic gentile and the Noachide laws. His suggestion is that these later rabbinic laws were extant in the first century, and shed light on Acts 15.

Part 2 continues our look at a video by Tobi Janicki (from FFOZ) that looks at gentiles in the body of the Messiah.

The guys invite Tim Hegg on the show to answer some questions that were asked of him. A response video to TorahResource’s teaching on the Hebrew word “Ger” is discussed. A recap of the TorahResource Institute 2016 family camp is given. Izzy Avraham from Holy Language Institute, and his new series on “What did Yeshua Think of the Mishnah?” is looked at.

Various topics are touched on, including a look at 119 Ministries Star of David teaching, Jonathan Cahn on “Its Supernatural” with Sid Roth, a look at discernment, and the question of Yom Teruah being called Rosh HaShanah.

The guys discuss what it means to be critical and how believers should look critically and with discernment towards teachings and teachers.

An email asking about past statements about sacrifices in the millennial temple is discussed. Also, a brief discussion on Yom Kippur, and a look at the Melchizedek Priesthood.

A short show in which a new chat room is tested, as righteous anger is the topic of discussion.

Various topics including Messianics and Mezuza’s, the Shema. The reunification of Israel and Judah. Is the Angel of the Lord a pre-incarnate Yeshua?

Matthew Nolan and David Perry’s teaching on Melchizedek are looked at. Also a look at Matthew Nolan’s teaching on the Synagogue of Satan taught at Torah to the Tribes.

The guys discuss the name Yeshua and some of the newer pronunciations that are starting to be used. They then turn to a discussion on the doctrine of the Trinity.

Rob takes the week off so Tim Hegg (Caleb’s Father) sits in. Listener questions are discussed and answered. Included, a short look at Trinitarian doctrine in the Tanach, training for leaders, who or what is the Babylon talked about in Revelation 12? And is it wrong to call someone “Father” (Matt23).